Annotation scaling MagicWith AutoCAD 2008, Autodesk has solved this long-time frustration with a new concept called annotation scaling. Any text, dimension, leader, hatch pattern, block, or attribute can now be defined as annotative, and any of these objects already present in existing drawings can easily be made annotative when that drawing is opened in AutoCAD 2008 by assigning it an annotative property. Any object with the new annotative property can then have one or more scales assigned to it, so that the same object can appear in different viewports with varying scale factors.
New CFD 2008 key
In AutoCAD 2008, when you insert text from Word, the text retains virtually all of its original formatting, including paragraph alignment, indentations, and spacing. In addition, multiline text now supports multiple columns. Text can automatically wrap across multiple columns and users can control the width and length of columns to achieve desired results.
This multicolumn capability can also be applied to tables. Users can now split tables into multiple columns and have table titles and headers repeat in each column. AutoCAD 2008 also supports auto-fill capabilities similar to those found in Excel.
And speaking of Excel, users have long wished for a method other than OLE (object linking and embedding) to truly link AutoCAD data with an Excel spreadsheet. The updated Paste Special command in AutoCAD 2008 lets users paste Excel data as AutoCAD table entities, creating a real data link between the DWG and XLS files. Should any data change in the XLS file, a bubble notification (similar to that for an external reference) immediately alerts you to the change and provides a quick way to update the table. You can also push changes in the other direction, so that if you modify data in the AutoCAD table, the data is also changed in Excel.
Spell checking has also been improved. Users no longer need to first select text objects; AutoCAD 2008 checks the entire drawing by default, and when an error is found, the software highlights and zooms to the misspelled word in the drawing. You can also include dimension text, attributes, and external references.
Even getting dimensions arranged, aligned, and oriented properly has also long been troublesome, requiring much manual editing. Here again, AutoCAD 2008 introduces several new commands. The new DIMBREAK command breaks dimension or extension lines where they intersect objects or other dimensions. The breaks automatically update if you move the intersecting objects, and heal themselves if objects no longer intersect. The new DIMSPACE command evenly spaces dimensions while the new DIMJOGLINE command lets users add a jog to linear dimensions.
DTA recently assisted the County of Kauai, Hawaii, with the December 2019 issuance of $20,320,000 in bonds for CFD No. 2008-1, which encompasses the resort community of Kukui`ula. Notably, CFD No. 2008-1 is the only CFD in Hawaii to sell bonds to date. Previously, DTA assisted the County with the formation of CFD No. 2008-1 and issuance of the first......
Of course, the roots of 2008's \"Great Recession\" aren't as obvious as a tech market crash or military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. It was a product of unprecedented lending practices, consumption and securitisation. Due to its extreme size and scope, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 has become the modern benchmark for economic catastrophe.
In nominal terms, crafting an accurate comparison between the dot-com crash, the 9/11 attacks and the Crisis of 2008 is challenging. Nonetheless, financial authorities have put forth estimates pertaining to respective monetary losses. For the United States alone, the damage sustained during the Great Recession dwarfs that of the other events:
Global Financial Crisis of 2008: The loss of wealth stemming from the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 is enormous. Experts project the downturn to have cost US$10.2 trillion for the year of 2008. This 12-month figure includes a loss of US$3.3 trillion sustained by U.S. homeowners and US$6.9 trillion in wealth from equity market participants.
The events during the span of 2000 to 2010 changed the global economic landscape for years to come. 2008 proved to be a pivotal year during this period, bringing the collapse of several pillars of banking and investment. As a result of the intense financial pressures, failure of the 100-year old Lehman Brothers and America's largest bank, Washington Mutual, came to pass.
Pinpointing the exact causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008 can be a challenging endeavour. To this day, the subject is hotly debated among analysts, politicians, bankers and traders. However, the broad consensus agrees that late-1990s financial industry deregulation led to subprime lending and the securitisation of toxic assets. Given these factors, the stage was set for a global credit freeze and a dramatic correction in the real estate and equities markets.
Eventually signed into law by sitting U.S. President Bill Clinton, the GLBA enjoyed bi-partisan Congressional support in both the House of Representatives (362-57) and Senate (90-8). Critics of the GLBA contend that it removed safeguards that may have prevented the 2008 crisis from occurring.
By far, the most frequently targeted culprit for the Crisis of 2008 was a practice called subprime mortgage lending. A subprime mortgage is one that is issued to parties deemed to have a greater risk of default. Accordingly, these mortgages carry higher interest rates to account for the lender's risk-premium.
For the years preceding late-2007 and 2008, the subprime mortgage lending sector boomed. In 2006, non-bank underwriters extended 12 million subprime mortgages worth an estimated US$2 trillion in the U.S. alone. The result was a staggering load of debt obligations and a spike in real estate values.
The GLBA's passage in 1999 set the stage for the lending culture of the early 2000s. In addition to the ascent of subprime mortgages and ARMs, consumer borrowing exploded during this period. From 2000 until 2008, U.S. consumer debt grew nearly three-fold, ballooning from approximately US$4 trillion to US$12 trillion. This phenomenon is largely attributable to the aggressive lending practices of non-traditional banking entities.
A credit freeze occurs when lenders cease extending credit to consumers, businesses and other lenders. The results are slowed economic growth, rising unemployment and lagging equities market performance. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the global credit markets became essentially \"frozen.\" Lending fell across the board, to the degree of 47% quarter-over-quarter and 79% year-over-year. The result was economic paralysis, with U.S. GDP posting negative annual growth for 2008 (-0.1%) and 2009 (-2.5%).
Given the capital market turbulence of 2008 and subprime meltdown, investors aggressively shifted their liquidity out of perceived \"riskier\" assets. The results produced dramatic revaluations of entire asset classes.
In contrast to the performance of equities and commodities, the U.S. dollar (USD) fared well vs the forex majors throughout 2008. Due to the global credit freeze, the USD was viewed as being a \"safer\" alternative than many other global currencies. Below is a look at 2008's track record against several majors and traditional safe-havens:
In total, 2008 was not a good year for risk assets. The global credit freeze dampered growth projections, which devastated equities values and market participation. Subsequently, the DJIA and S&P 500 showed Depression Era weakness and underwent severe corrections.
The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 proved to be a nearly unprecedented event. Lasting effects were felt across society, influencing everything from market structure to consumption patterns. Because of the extreme nature of the downturn, experimental measures were needed to restore stability to the monetary system. To accomplish this task, programs such as quantitative easing (QE) and government stimulus were adopted.
One of the primary weapons used to fight instability during the Great Recession was government stimulus. Efforts in this area were led by the administration of President George W. Bush and the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008. Upon the act's passage on 13 February 2008, the U.S. government pledged 1% of GDP (US$152 billion) to ease economic pressures, officially beginning the stimulus era.
Later in 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department unveiled plans for a sweeping aid package known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Authorised by Congress under the Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008 (EESA), TARP earmarked US$700 billion for injection into the U.S. economy. The funds were to be distributed among banks, creditors, automakers, insurance companies and distressed homeowners.
For the world's reserve currency, the USD, QE meant lending rate cuts and massive asset purchasing programs by the U.S. FED. From 2008 to 2015, the FED introduced three separate QE packages (QE1, QE2, QE3). Ultimately, these policies reduced the Federal Funds Target Rate from 3.50% to a near-flat 0.25%. Almost all of these cuts came during 2008, which saw rates slashed from 3.50% in January to 0.00% in December.
Over the past 100 years of world history, the Great Recession of 2008 is the second-largest global economic downturn. International GDP growth slowed from 5% in 2007 to 2% in 2009, and the results were devastating, impacting people and markets from all corners of the globe. A product of the U.S. subprime mortgage bubble, securisation of toxic assets and reckless consumption, the Great Recession left a footprint on the world of finance still visible in 2020.
Of course, the roots of 2008's "Great Recession" aren't as obvious as a tech market crash or military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. It was a product of unprecedented lending practices, consumption and securitisation. Due to its extreme size and scope, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 has become the modern benchmark for economic catastrophe.The Economic Impact Of The Great Recession 2ff7e9595c
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